Donkey Secondary Antibodies
Biotium CHD4(3F2/4), CF647 conjugate, 0.1mg/mL
CHD4/Mi-2b is a component of the nucleosome remodeling and deacetylase (NuRD) complex which is a multi-subunit protein complex containing both histone deacetylase and nucleosome-dependent ATPase subunits. Current models predict that this complex function primarily in transcriptional repression. Accumulating evidence indicates that NuRD may regulate the transcription of specific genes by interacting with specific transcriptional factors. In addition, the NuRD complex may also participate in genome-wide transcriptional regulation through an association with histone tails. Primary antibodies are available purified, or with a selection of fluorescent CF Dyes and other labels. CF Dyes offer exceptional brightness and photostability. Note: Conjugates of blue fluorescent dyes like CF405S and CF405M are not recommended for detecting low abundance targets, because blue dyes have lower fluorescence and can give higher non-specific background than other dye colors.
Biotium C1QA / Complement C1q A-Chain(C1QA/2955), CF647 conjugate, 0.1mg/mL
Complement C1q A Chain (C1qa) is a subunit of C1q. C1q is composed of 6 polypeptide chains each of C1qa, C1qb, and C1qc. C1q is a component of the classical complement pathway, and thereby plays an important role in the immune response. Each C1q subunit contains an N-terminal collagen-like region and a C-terminal C1q globular domain. The presence of receptors for C1q on effector cells modulates its activity, which may be antibody-dependent or independent. Macrophages are the primary source of C1q, while anti-inflammatory drugs as well as cytokines differentially regulate expression of the mRNA as well as the protein. C1q deficiency is associated with lupus erythematosus and glomerulonephritis. Primary antibodies are available purified, or with a selection of fluorescent CF Dyes and other labels. CF Dyes offer exceptional brightness and photostability. Note: Conjugates of blue fluorescent dyes like CF405S and CF405M are not recommended for detecting low abundance targets,
Biotium Prohibitin (Mitochondrial Marker)(PHB/3194), CF647 conjugate, 0.1mg/mL
Recognizes a protein of 30 kDa which is identified as Prohibitin, an evolutionarily conserved protein with homologues found in yeast to man. It is located in the inner membrane of mitochondria. Although prohibitin mRNA and protein expression occurs throughout the cell cycle, maximum levels are detected during the G1/S phase transition and minimum levels are seen in S phase and the G2/mitosis boundary. Prohibitin is located exclusively in the mitochondria with the highest concentration on the inner membrane. Prohibitin is an ideal mitochondrial marker. It shows antiproliferative activity and has been proposed to play a role in normal cell cycle regulation, replicative senescence, cellular immortalization, and tumor suppression. Primary antibodies are available purified, or with a selection of fluorescent CF Dyes and other labels. CF Dyes offer exceptional brightness and photostability. Note: Conjugates of blue fluorescent dyes like CF405S and CF405M are not recommended fo
Biotium Lambda Light Chain (B-Cell Marker)(rLLC/1738), CF647 conjugate, 0.1mg/mL
This MAb is specific to lambda light chain of immunoglobulin and shows no cross-reaction with lambda light chain or any of the five heavy chains. In mammals, the two light chains in an antibody are always identical, with only one type of light chain, kappa or lambda. The ratio of Kappa to Lambda is 70:30. However, with the occurrence of multiple myeloma or other B-cell malignancies this ratio is disturbed. Antibody to the lambda light chain is reportedly useful in the identification of leukemias, plasmacytomas, and certain non-Hodgkin's lymphomas. Demonstration of clonality in lymphoid infiltrates indicates that the infiltrate is malignant. Primary antibodies are available purified, or with a selection of fluorescent CF Dyes and other labels. CF Dyes offer exceptional brightness and photostability. Note: Conjugates of blue fluorescent dyes like CF405S and CF405M are not recommended for detecting low abundance targets, because blue dyes have lower fluorescence and can giv
Biotium Spectrin beta I (SPTB)(RG/26), CF647 conjugate, 0.1mg/mL
Spectrin is a cytoskeletal protein that lines the intracellular side of the plasma membrane of many cell types in pentagonal or hexagonal arrangements, forming a scaffolding and playing an important role in maintenance of plasma membrane integrity and cytoskeletal structure. In certain types of brain injury such as diffuse axonal injury, spectrin is irreversibly cleaved by the proteolytic enzyme calpain, destroying the cytosketelon. Spectrin cleavage causes the membrane to form blebs and ultimately to be degraded, usually leading to cell death. Primary antibodies are available purified, or with a selection of fluorescent CF Dyes and other labels. CF Dyes offer exceptional brightness and photostability. Note: Conjugates of blue fluorescent dyes like CF405S and CF405M are not recommended for detecting low abundance targets, because blue dyes have lower fluorescence and can give higher non-specific background than other dye colors.
Biotium GnRH-Receptor / LH-RH Receptor(GNRHR/2982R), CF647 conjugate, 0.1mg/mL
Recognizes an epitope on the extracellular domain of gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) receptor or luteinizing hormone receptor (LHCGR). Lutropin (also designated luteinizing hormone) plays a role in spermatogenesis and ovulation by stimulating the testes and ovaries to produce steroids. Gonadotropin (also designated choriogonadotropin) production in the placenta maintains estrogen and progesterone levels during the first trimester of pregnancy. Ovaries and testes abundantly express luteinizing hormone/choriogonadotropin receptor. GnRH receptor contains seven hydrophobic transmembrane domains connected by hydrophilic extracellular and intracellular loops characteristic of G-protein coupled receptors. GnRH stimulates the gonadotrophs of the anterior pituitary to secrete luteinizing hormone (LH) as well as follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH). GnRH influences the protective effect of pregnancy and Gonadotropin against breast cancer. The expression of GnRH on breast carcinoma
Biotium ER-beta-1 (Estrogen Receptor beta-1)(ESR2/3005), CF647 conjugate, 0.1mg/mL
Estrogen receptors (ER) are members of the steroid/thyroid hormone receptor superfamily of ligand-activated transcription factors. Estrogen receptors, including ER-alpha and ER-beta, contain DNA binding and ligand binding domains and are critically involved in regulating the normal function of reproductive tissues. They are located in the nucleus, though some estrogen receptors associate with the cell surface membrane and can be rapidly activated by exposure of cells to estrogen. ER-alpha and ER-beta are differentially activated by various ligands. Receptor-ligand interactions trigger a cascade of events, including dissociation from heat shock proteins, receptor dimerization, phosphorylation and the association of the hormone activated receptor with specific regulatory elements in target genes. Evidence suggests that ER-alpha and ER-beta may be regulated by distinct mechanisms even though they share many functional characteristics. Primary antibodies are available purified, o
Biotium Cytokeratin 15 (Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma Marker)(KRT15/2958), CF488A conjugate, 0.1mg/mL
Keratin 15 is a type I keratin which is expressed only in basal keratinocytes in stratified epithelia and does not appear to have a natural type II expression partner. Keratin 15 is down regulated in activated keratinocytes. Cytokeratin 15 is a specific marker of stem cells of the hair-follicle bulge and may be a useful marker for diagnosis between basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and trichoepithelioma. Trichoblastoma are benign neoplasms of follicular differentiation frequently found in nevus sebaceous. Many morphologic features are shared with nodular basal cell carcinoma, sometimes rendering a diagnosis difficult. Trichoblastoma and BCC show variable expression of Cytokeratin 15 and Cytokeratin 19, and absence of hair keratins. Primary antibodies are available purified, or with a selection of fluorescent CF Dyes and other labels. CF Dyes offer exceptional brightness and photostability. Note: Conjugates of blue fluorescent dyes like CF405S and CF405M are not recommended for
Biotium RNA Polymerase II(CTD4H8), CF647 conjugate, 0.1mg/mL
RNA polymerase II (Pol II) is an enzyme that is composed of 12 subunits and is responsible for the transcription of protein-coding genes. Transcription initiation requires Pol II-mediated recruitment of transcription machinery to a target promoter, thereby allowing transcription to begin. The largest subunit of Pol II (referred to as RPB1 or RPB205) is a 1, 840 amino acid protein that contains one C2H2-type zinc finger and a C-terminal domain comprised of several heptapeptide repeats. Although Pol II function requires the cooperation of all twelve subunits, the largest subunit conveys Pol II catalytic activity and, together with the second largest subunit, forms the active center of the Pol II enzyme. Additionally, the large subunit participates in forming the DNA-binding domain of Pol II, a groove that is necessary for transcription of the DNA template. Without proper function of the large subunit, mRNA synthesis and subsequent transcription elongation cannot occur. Primary
Biotium ROR-gamma / RORC (RAR-related Orphan Receptor C)(RORC/2942), CF647 conjugate, 0.1mg/mL
This MAb recognizes a protein of 63 kDa, identified as ROR-C. Its epitope maps in between aa1-50. The nuclear orphan receptors ROR and ROR are members of the nuclear hormone receptor superfamily. Members of this family act by directly associating with DNA sequences known as hormone response elements (HREs) and typically bind DNA as either homo- or heterodimers. RORalpha and RORgamma are unique in that they bind DNA as monomers. RORalpha has multiple isoforms that share common DNA and putative ligand-binding domains, but differ in their amino terminal domains, which are generated by alternative RNA processing. RORgamma comprises a 560 amino acid protein that shares 50% amino acid identity with RORalpha and is most highly expressed in skeletal muscle. Although these proteins are considered orphan receptors, due to a lack of defined ligands, experimental evidence has shown that melatonin may be the natural ligand for these nuclear receptors. Primary antibodies are available puri
Biotium CD72 (B Cell Marker)(BU40), CF647 conjugate, 0.1mg/mL
The C-type lectin superfamily member CD72 is a cell surface negative regulator of B cell activation from the pro-B through the mature B cell stage. CD72 serves as a receptor for CD5. The human CD72 gene encodes a transmembrane glycoprotein that contains an immunoreceptor tyrosine-based inhibition motif (ITIM). Upon tyrosine phosphorylation, the CD72 ITIM recruits SH2-containing phosphatases such as SHP-1, resulting in downregulation of cell activation. CD72-/- mice contain hyperproliferative B cells. Primary antibodies are available purified, or with a selection of fluorescent CF Dyes and other labels. CF Dyes offer exceptional brightness and photostability. Note: Conjugates of blue fluorescent dyes like CF405S and CF405M are not recommended for detecting low abundance targets, because blue dyes have lower fluorescence and can give higher non-specific background than other dye colors.
Biotium GRP94 / HSP90B1(Glucose-Regulated Protein 94) (Endoplasmic Reticulum Marker)(HSP90B1/3168R), CF647 conjugate, 0.1mg/mL
Recognizes a protein of 94 kDa, which is identified as the glucose-regulated protein 94 (grp94) and also tumor rejection antigen (gp96). Grp94 shows a high degree of sequence homology with the heat shock protein 90 (hsp90). This MAb is highly specific to grp94 and shows minimal cross-reaction with other members of the HSP90 family. Grp's are a class of proteins unresponsive to heat shock and are induced by glucose deprivation. Grp94 has been studied as a prognostic factor in breast cancer. Primary antibodies are available purified, or with a selection of fluorescent CF Dyes and other labels. CF Dyes offer exceptional brightness and photostability. Note: Conjugates of blue fluorescent dyes like CF405S and CF405M are not recommended for detecting low abundance targets, because blue dyes have lower fluorescence and can give higher non-specific background than other dye colors.
Biotium Ornithine Decarboxylase-1 (ODC-1)(rODC1/485), CF647 conjugate, 0.1mg/mL
Recognizes a 53 kDa protein, identified as the Ornithine Decarboxylase (ODC-1). ODC is the initial and rate-limiting enzyme in the biosynthetic pathway of polyamines and is involved in the conversion of ornithine to putrescine. The biological activity of ODC-1 is rapidly induced in response to virtually all agents known to promote cell proliferation including hormones, drugs, growth factors, mitogens, and tumor promoters. Reportedly, ODC mRNA levels are elevated in lung carcinomas as well as in colon adenomas and carcinomas. ODC activity in colorectal carcinomas is greater than those in adenomas and normal mucosa. Primary antibodies are available purified, or with a selection of fluorescent CF Dyes and other labels. CF Dyes offer exceptional brightness and photostability. Note: Conjugates of blue fluorescent dyes like CF405S and CF405M are not recommended for detecting low abundance targets, because blue dyes have lower fluorescence and can give higher non-specific backg
Biotium Cytokeratin 20 (KRT20) (Colorectal Epithelial Marker)(KRT20/3145), CF488A conjugate, 0.1mg/mL
This MAb recognizes an intermediate filament protein of 46 kDa, identified as cytokeratin 20 (KRT20). KRT20 is abundantly expressed in goblet cells and enterocytes of the gastrointestinal tract. It is a useful marker of pancreatic and colorectal cancer. KRT20 is expressed under normal, hyperplastic and neoplastic conditions. It has been detected in adenocarcinomas of the colon, stomachand biliary tract. Breast carcinomas are generally non-reactive. Primary antibodies are available purified, or with a selection of fluorescent CF Dyes and other labels. CF Dyes offer exceptional brightness and photostability. Note: Conjugates of blue fluorescent dyes like CF405S and CF405M are not recommended for detecting low abundance targets, because blue dyes have lower fluorescence and can give higher non-specific background than other dye colors.
Biotium Cycloxygenase-2 (COX-2)(COX2/3232R), CF647 conjugate, 0.1mg/mL
Prostaglandins are a diverse group of autocrine and paracrine hormones that mediate many cellular and physiologic processes. Prostaglandin H2 (PGH2) is an intermediate molecule in formation of the prostaglandins. Cyclooxygenase-1 (Cox-1) and cyclooxygenase-2 (Cox-2) are prostaglandin synthases that catalyze the formation of PGH2 from arachidonic acid (AA). Cox-1 and Cox-2 are isozymes of prostaglandin-endoperoxidase synthase (PTGS). Cox-1 is constitutively expressed in most tissues and is thought to serve in general housekeeping functions. Cox-2 is efficiently induced in migratory cells responding to pro-inflammatory stimuli and is considered to be an important mediator of inflammation. Both enzymes are targets for the nonsteroidal therapeutic anti-inflammatory drugs, NSAIDs. COX2 expression is significantly increased in 85-90% of human colorectal adenocarcinomas whereas levels of COX-1 are not changed. Primary antibodies are available purified, or with a selection of fluores